Modeling of Ejecta Produced upon Hypervelocity Impacts

Each time a debris particle or a meteoroid strikes a satellite in orbit, a great amount of secondary particles is ejected in the neighborhood of the impact site. This phenomenon is important in particular for brittle materials, such as those used for solar arrays or thermal control paint. The secondary particles that do not impact other parts of the spacecraft are added to the primary debris population and hence increase the small debris particle flux. We describe an ejecta production model that gives the size and the velocity distribution of ejected particles as a function of primary impact parameters. The model has been used to explain the discrepancy between measurements and modeling of impact crater distribution on the solar arrays of the EuReCa spacecraft.     

A new narrow beam Doppler radar at 3 MHz for studies of the high-latitude middle atmosphere

A Doppler radar at 3.17 MHz has been installed at Saura close to the Andøya Rocket Range as part of the ALOMAR observatory at Andenes, Norway in summer 2002 to improve the ground based capabilities for measurements of small scale features and turbulence in the mesosphere. The main feature of the new Saura MF radar is the transmitting/receiving antenna which is arranged as a Mills Cross of 29 crossed half-wave dipoles with a minimum beam width of about 7°. Each dipole is fed by its own transceiver, and the individual phase control of the 58 transceiver modules on transmission and reception provides high flexibility in beam forming and pointing as well as transmission switching between ordinary and extraordinary mode circular polarisation. In addition, beams with different widths at the same pointing angle can be formed. For multiple receiver applications (spaced antenna wind measurements, all-sky meteor detections) four independent receiving channels are available.     

铁磁性纳米线阵列的偏差对磁性的影响

用蒙特卡洛方法对纳米线阵列磁滞回线进行模拟,研究了纳米线排列、长度和直径的偏差对纳米线阵列整体磁学性质的影响。研究结果表明,纳米线位置的标准偏差引起了矫顽力和磁化率降低;长度的标准偏差则仅仅引起饱和磁化强度的增大和剩余磁化强度的减小,而对矫顽力没有影响;直径的的标准偏差对纳米线阵列产生了比较复杂的影响。     

数字科氏质量流量计闭环系统及信号解算

在科氏质量流量计测量系统设计中,提出一种数字式信号处理、解算的全新设计思路.采用高速并行模拟数字转换电路(A/D)将传感器输出的信号完整采样,借助数字信号处理芯片(DSP, Digital Signal Processor)强大运算能力对信号进行深入的分析与处理;利用信号处理方法对信号进行实时滤波处理并精确计算两路信号的相位差,进而解算出流体的质量流量和密度,辅以单片机和现场可编程器件(FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Array)实现系统的控制、显示与通讯;提出谐振电路的数字式闭环设计新思想,利用数字电路及其信号处理方法实现传统的闭环增益控制(AGC, Auto Gain Control).实验结果表明:该系统有效提高了测量系统的零点稳定性和测量精度.     

内嵌ARM核的FPGA技术在星敏感器中的应用

介绍了内嵌先进精简指令集处理器ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)核的现场可编程门阵列FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrays)芯片EPXA10的内部结构及特点.基于这种嵌入式技术,进行了互补金属氧化物半导体CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistor)星敏感器图像驱动与实时星点定位算法的研究,并给出具体实现,包括用EPXA10的FPGA部分实现了CMOS图像传感器的驱动和对星图的预处理－阈值分割,用EPXA10的ARM部分完成了星图的星点定位算法--改进的4连通域成分贯序算法,基于VC＋＋语言实现了串口通讯程序以及图像显示程序.最后给出了成功驱动CMOS图像传感器得到的清晰图像及星点定位结果,并将基于ARM得到的定位结果与基于PC机(Personal Computer)得到的定位结果进行了比较,结果完全正确.采用内嵌ARM核的FPGA提高了整个系统的处理速度,减小了硬件电路设计的复杂性、体积和功耗.     

Dynamic modeling and beating phenomenon analysis of space robots with continuum manipulators

Space robotics has been used extensively in complex space missions. Rigid-manipulator space robots may suffer from rigid-body collisions with targets. This collision is likely to cause damage to the space robot and the target. To overcome such a problem, a novel Continuum-Manipulator Space Robot (CMSR) for performing on-orbit servicing missions is proposed in this paper. Compared with rigid-manipulator space robots, CMSRs are able to perform compliant operations and avoid rigid-body collisions with a target. The CMSR consists of two kinds of flexible components, including solar arrays and continuum manipulators. The elastic vibrations of these flexible components disturb the position and attitude of CMSRs. The beating phenomenon introduced by the energy transfer among these flexible components can cause damage to solar arrays. The complicated dynamic coupling poses enormous challenges in dynamic modeling and vibration analysis. The dynamic model for CMSRs is derived and the mechanism of the beating phenomenon is analyzed in this paper. Simulation results show that an obvious beating phenomenon occurs and the amplitude of the solar arrays increases significantly when the natural frequencies of two kinds of flexible components are close. A method is provided to avoid the beating phenomenon.     

幅相误差引起超低旁瓣阵列天线旁瓣最高电平分布的研究

由于单元间互耦的存在，超低副瓣阵列天线的辐射方向图发生变化。简单介绍了矩量法，计算了天线阵列各单元的本征激励方向图。在考虑阵列天线间互耦的条件下，采用本征激励分析方法对幅相误差引起超低旁瓣天线旁瓣最高电平分布进行了数值统计分析。对八单元chebeshev等间距直线阵进行处理，并总结了其最高电平分布的一些规律。     

矩形波导纵缝阵列的矩量法分析

利用矩量法对矩形波导宽边纵缝阵列天线进行了理论分析和计算。首先利用缝隙口面切向磁场连续的条件建立关于未知电场的联立积分方程,考虑了所有的互耦、高次模及波导壁厚的影响,然后对两个实际阵列进行了编程计算,计算结果与文献和HFSS软件的仿真结果吻合良好,仿真过程中对矩形缝和半圆头缝进行了转换。     

双L型阵列DOA估计的PM算法的性能分析与改进

 双L型阵列天线的二维信号来向（DOA）估计采用传播算子法（PM），运算简单、计算量小。但对于非对称的双L型阵列天线，其中阵元数目少的均匀直线阵会引起较大的DOA估计误差。为此进行PM算法的性能分析与误差讨论，在单个信号源的前提下提出一种改进的PM算法。理论分析与计算机仿真结果均表明，该改进的PM算法保持了PM本身计算量小的优点，能够实现实时二维DOA估计。同时提高了测角精度，降低了方差，且对双L型阵列的使用更具普遍性。     

两种自适应方向图峰值副瓣控制方法比较

自适应阵列（或称自适应波束形成）目前已广泛应用到雷达、声纳和通信领域中用来抑制各种干扰（有意的干扰，杂波干扰和多用户干扰等）。在雷达应用中，为了减轻脉冲欺骗式干扰或旁瓣目标并利用单脉冲雷达来准确测量目标波达方向．要求自适应方向图具有低副瓣和稳定的主瓣形状。在实际应用中，各种失配误差将降低自适应阵列的性能．这些误差包括由于目标的波达方向不精确引起的信号指向误差，由通道失配和位置扰动引起的阵列校准误差和由小样本教引起的协方差矩阵估计误差。在此情况下，自适应波束形成的性能大大下降（干扰抑制性能变差。主瓣失真和高的副瓣）。已提出了一种基于二次约束的集成峰值副瓣控制（integrated peak sidelobe control，简称IPSC）方法。该方法可以精确地控制峰值副瓣电平并产生具有稳定的主瓣形状的自适应方向图。研究IPSC中目标信号的影响和信号消除方案以进一步提高IPSC的性能。并将IPSC方法和最新提出的基于二阶锥规划（second-order cone programming，简称SOCP）的分布式峰值副瓣控制（distfibuted peak sidelobe control，简称为DPSC）新方法在性能上进行了比较。仿真结果表明。在干扰抑制性能和方向图控制质量方面IPSC比DPSC性能优越。此外IPSC比DPSC计算高效。